Humanoid robots are now being produced at scale in China, where factories such as Lingyi iTech are ramping up output and prices could fall dramatically as volumes rise, yet analysts note that a clear market of buyers has not yet emerged and many startups are still scrambling to secure commercial customers. In the United States and Europe, the focus is shifting from pure locomotion to real‑world manipulation, with companies like Daimon Robotics and Galbot unveiling the RobOmni benchmark that adds tactile sensing and cross‑embodiment evaluation to accelerate dexterous manipulation research, while Columbia professor Yunzhu Li stresses that realistic simulation of unstructured environments is the next bottleneck for deployment. Industrial adoption is accelerating, as illustrated by Figure 01, Tesla’s Optimus Gen 2, Agility Robotics’ Digit and other bipedal platforms being installed in factories and warehouses for heavy payloads and logistics work, but demand still lags the capacity to build them, especially in non‑humanoid‑friendly settings. At the same time, alternative designs such as Hello Robot’s wheeled Stretch 4 are being pitched for home assistance, highlighting a pragmatic approach that may outpace humanoid aesthetics in real‑world use. Overall, the market is projected to be worth several trillion dollars, with forecasts suggesting billions of units could be in service by 2060, but the industry’s near‑term growth will depend on finding viable industrial and consumer buyers and bridging the manipulation‑software gap.